Philosophy 252: Philosophy of Religion             Prof. David C. Prejsnar

Office – BR-25A                                                                    Office Phone – 215-751-8644

Office Hours – M&W 11:00 -12:30                                      Email: dprejsnar@ccp.edu

            & By appointment                                                      www.ccp.edu

 

 

            Philosophy 252 is an introduction to that branch of philosophy designated as “philosophy of religion”.  During the first two weeks of the course we will discuss in more detail some influential conceptions of “philosophy” and “philosophy of religion”.  However, in general terms we can start by defining “philosophy of religion” as rational thinking about, and analysis of, religious beliefs, values, arguments, language and concepts.

 

            The first half of the course will be an introduction to many of the methodologies and problems in the philosophy of religion.  It will be introductory in a twofold manner.  First, it will be an introduction to many of the central problems posed by philosophy of religion, and to the aims and methodologies of different philosophers in these areas.  Among the problems we will study are: “What is the nature and definition of religion?” “What is the nature of God?” “Is it possible to establish the existence of God by rational argumentation?” “Does the presence of evil in the world disprove the existence of God?”  Second, the first part of the course will be an introduction to several of the general principles and standards that apply to logical, critical thinking about philosophical questions in general, and about religious discourse in particular.  We will discuss, among other topics, what is a definition, what is the difference between a “definition report” and a “definition proposal”, what are arguments, and what are some common logical fallacies to avoid.

 

            The last half of the course will focus upon one specific problem in contemporary philosophy of religion: “What is the relationship between faith and reason, and is it rational to believe based on faith?”  A matrix of core questions relate to this problem area: “Do religions indeed make ‘truth-claims’?”  “What is the definition of faith?”  “Are there different types of faith?” “What is the relation between religious faith, reason and truth?”  “Does the truth or validity of one religion preclude another religion from being true?”  We will read arguments on this issue by a number of contemporary philosophers, including John Hick, Anthony Flew, and Alvin Plantinga.

 

TEXTS:  The following are the required texts:

 

David Stewart, Exploring the Philosophy of Religion, 5th Edition, (EPR)

Mark B. Woodhouse, A Preface to Philosophy, 7th Edition (PTP)

 

In addition, handout articles by various philosophers will be distributed.

 

The Stewart anthology will be one of our main texts.  It contains a selection of classic readings in philosophy of religion.  The Woodhouse volume will be used to introduce some basic components of critical thinking as they relate to some of the philosophical problems we will be studying (for example, uses of definition and the concept of God.) 

 

REQUIREMENTS:

 

1) There will be two examinations, each covering one-half of the course.  Each examination will contain some critical thinking exercises but will focus more on essay questions.  Study questions will be given out prior to each examination.  Missing an examination without an appropriate excuse may result in your receiving a zero for that examination, and will result at least in being dropped a grade.  Missing an examination without an excused absence may result in receiving a grade of ‘zero’ for the examination. All excused absences from an examination require verification. Medical absences require a verifiable doctors note on official stationary.  35% each

 

2) Each student will be required to turn in periodic assignments: either exercises or short (1-2 page) response essays to the articles assigned for that week.  The responses should not consist most of a summary of the articles, although summarizing at some points the arguments may be necessary and helpful.  Rather, your response should be your own philosophical analysis and reflection upon the problem being considered that week, and the positions and arguments being put forward by the various philosophers.  The weekly responses are an opportunity for you to begin “doing philosophy”, as well as for you to begin work on your essay exams and paper.  15%

 

3) Discussion and, to a lesser extent, lecture will be the main classroom methods.  You should come to class having read the assignments for that week and prepared to discuss the arguments in the texts and your questions and comments.  Doing the reading, coming to class prepared, and contributing to the class discussions are crucial to your success and to the success of the class.  Missing more than four classes may result in your being dropped from the class.  It is, however, your responsibility to complete the Drop Form if you stop attending class, or you may receive an “F” for the course. 10%.

 

4) There will be a short Quiz on May 23. 5%

 

Some Additional Suggestions For Achieving Success in This Class:

 

Disability - If you have a documented physical or learning disability, you may be eligible for accommodations and support through the Center on Disability.  Please let me know if this is the case, and I will work with you and the Center to help you succeed.

 

Learning Lab - Free tutoring and workshops are available to all students in B1-28.

 

Computer and Email Access – It is probably easiest to use a computer at home if you have one.  However, all students have access to The Student Academic Computing Centers in B2-35 and in the Center for Business and Industry, which provide computers for use by students.  There is web access with soundcards in the SACC rooms.  The Library also has some computers for student use.  Also, all students are able to receive a free email account through the College.  Please check with SACC on how to arrange for and open your account.

 

Counseling - For long-term academic and career planning, transfer information and curriculum change, as well as personal counseling, make an appointment or drop in at the Counseling Center, W2-2 (ext. 8169.)

 

Liberal Arts Curriculum - I am the Coordinator for the Liberal Arts Curriculum.  Please talk to me if you are in the Liberal Arts Curriculum and have any questions.  I will be able to advise any students in the Curriculum on your educational plan and courses for the summer or fall.  I also serve as the Coordinator for International Education for the College, so please see me if you have any questions on International Studies, or Study Abroad, including the College’s Study Abroad Programs in London and in Costa Rica. next summer

 

 

 

COURSE OUTLINE AND READING ASSIGNMENTS

 

May 16-17 – What is Religion?

Readings: Short selections by Peter Berger, Paul Tillich, Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx.   

PTP Chap. 1

 

May 18, 19 – What is Philosophy? What is Philosophy of Religion?

Readings:EPR 1-5

PTP Chap. 2

Bertrand Russell, Introduction from Western Philosophy

Walters, “Brainstorming and Bullshitting”

 

May 23, 24 – Religious Experience, May 23 - Quiz

Readings: William James, “Mysticism” EPR 6-15

Rudolph Otto, “The Idea of the Holy” EPR 16-28

Martin Buber, “I and Thou” EPR 29-38

Dave Davies, excerpt from Kink

 

May 25, 26 – Religion and the Meaning of Life

Readings EPR 51-81

 

May 30 – Memorial Day, College Closed

 

May 31, J1 – The Concept of the Divine

Readings: PTP 55-60

Handout: Aquinas on “Omnipotence” and on “Omniscience”

 

June 2, 6 – Problem of Evil

Readings: PTP Chap. 7

John Hick, “The ‘Vale of Soul-Making’ Theodicy” EPR 165-181

Edward Madden and Peter Hare, “In Opposition to Hick’s ‘Vale of Soul-Making’ Theodicy

Wendy Doniger, “Karma in Hindu Thought”, EPR 195-199

Video: “Facing Evil”

 

June 7 – Ontological Argument

Readings: PTP 45-55

Rene Descartes, “The Ontological Argument”, EPR 117-130

 

June 8 – Cosmological and Teleological Arguments

Readings: PTP 59-66

Richard Taylor, “The Cosmological Argument”, EPR 131-144

A.C. Ewing, “The Design Argument”, EPR 145-153

 

June 9 – Mid-Term Examination

 

June 13, 15 –The Problem of Faith and Reason; Definition of Faith; Two Types of Faith

            EPR 215-220

            Buber, “Two Types of Faith”

Hick, “Fides and Fiducia

H. H. Price, “Belief In and Belief That”

 

June 14 – No Class

 

June 16, 20 – Propositional Faith

            Penelhum, “On Aquinas’ Idea of Faith”

 

June 21, 22 – Voluntaristic Faith

            William Clifford, “The Right to Believe”

            EPR 234-252

 

June 23, 27 – Faith and Verification

            EPR 221-233

 

June 28 – Faith and Interpretation

            Braithwaite, “Faith and Storytelling”

Hick, “Faith and Interpretation”

 

June 29 – Faith and Reason – Ultimate Concern

            EPR 253-271

 

June 30 – Final Examination

 

 

SCHEDULE OF WEEKLY WRITTEN RESPONSES

 

Date                Topic                                       Related Reading

 

May     17        "Religion"                     

Formulate a general definition of "Religion" & why it makes sense.

 

18        Philosophy 1                             EPR 1-5, Russell, “Brainstorming”

Compare the definitions of philosophy you find in these three readings.  What do you see as the similarities, what do you see as the differences?

 

19        Philosophy 2                             PTP Chap. 1 & 2

Assignment sheet #1.

 

23        Religious Experience                 William James “Mysticism”

EPR Question #5, P. 15 

 

31        Definitions, The Concept of the Divine 1            PTP 55-60, Handout

1) Assignment sheet #2

2) Write out in your own words what you take to be Aquinas’ definition of “omnipotence”.  What, if any, philosophical problems do you see arising given his definition of “omnipotence”?

 

June     1          The Concept of the Divine 2                             PTP 55-60, Handout

1) Assignment sheet #3

 

2          Problem of Evil                                     Readings on Problem of Evil

The problem of evil is actually a number of inter-related philosophical problems.  Within this matrix is the distinction between ‘moral evil’ and ‘natural evil.’  To wht extent do the theodicies of Hick and the Hindu notion of ‘karma’ address the problem of moral evil?  Of natural evil?

 

June     7          Arguments 1, Ontological Argument                  PTP 46-55

1) PTP Exercises P. 54

2) Assignment sheet #4

3) EPR P. 130, #3

 

June     13        Types of Faith                                                  Readings by Buber, Hick, Price

Describe Buber’s two types of faith.  Why might the differentiation between these two types be significant?  Can you think of other types of faith not addressed by Buber, Hick or Price?

 

June     16        Propositional Faith                                            Reading by Penelhum

In your own words describe the difference between knowledge, opinion and belief.  How would Aquinas differentiate between these three?

 

June     21        Voluntaristic Faith                                             Readings by Clifford and James

EPR P. 252 #3

 

June     23        Faith and Verification                                        EPR 221-233

                        EPR P. 233 #5