Fall, 2010 Required Materials
Course Outline
Online Resources
Course Objective Outline
Integumentary System
1) Homeostasis
a) Define homeostasis
b) Describe negative feedback
c) Describe positive feedback
2) Skin
a) Describe the structure of the keratinized epithelium which makes the epidermis
b) Describe the structure of the connective tissue which makes the dermis
c) State the general functions of the skin including
1) Protection from disease, dehydration, and ultraviolet light
2) Regulation of body temperature, fluid balance, and waste excretion
3) Vitamin D production
4) Sensations of touch, temperature, and pain
d) Explain the factors that determine skin color including melanin and oxyhemoglobin
e) Describe the role of skin in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature
3) Epidermal Derivatives
a) Describe the structure, function, and location of hair
b) Describe the structure, function, and location of sebaceous glands
c) Describe the structure, function, and location of sweat glands
Circulatory System
1) Circulation
a) State the components of the circulatory system inc. the heart, vessels, and blood
b) State the general functions of the circulatory system including
1) Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
2) Regulation of body temperature and fluid balance
3) Protection from infection and fluid loss
2) Heart
a) Describe the structure of the heart including the chambers, valves, and heart wall
b) Describe the flow of blood through the heart
c) Describe the cardiac cycle including systole and diastole
d) Explain the heart sounds
e) Label the conduction pathways of the normal heart including the sinoatrial node,
atrioventricular node, and excitable (Purkinje) fibers
f) Correlate the electrocardiogram with events in the heart
g) Define cardiac output and the influence of venous return, blood viscosity, and heart rate
3) Blood Vessels
a) Describe the major types of blood vessels including
1) Arteries: large elastic, medium muscular, and arterioles
2) Capillaries
3) Veins and venules
b) Explain blood pressure including the systolic and diastolic pressures
c) Describe the measurement of blood pressure
d) Graphically represent blood pressure
e) Describe the role of capillaries in fluid movement and filtration pressure
f) Describe the pulmonary and systemic circuits
4) Blood
a) List the components of whole blood including the plasma and formed elements
b) Describe the composition of plasma including the three major plasma proteins
c) Identify the characteristics, including the life cycle, of the red blood cell
d) Explain the importance of hemoglobin
e) Discuss blood typing in relation to ABO groupings and the Rh factor
f) Describe the 5 types of white blood cells
g) Explain the role of platelets in hemostasis
5) Lymphatics
a) State the functions of the lymphatic system
b) Describe the major lymphatic organs including lymphatic vessels, tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
c) Describe the formation of lymphatic fluid
Respiratory System
1) Breathing: airways
a) Distinguish the conducting and gas-
b) Describe the movements of air into and out of the lungs
c) Describe the controls of breathing
d) Define and graph the normal breathing volumes and capacities
1) Vital capacity
2) Tidal volume
3) Inspiratory reserve volume
4) Expiratory reserve volume
5) Residual volume
6) Total lung capacity
e) Describe the function of surfactant
2) Gas exchange: pH and fluid balance
a) Describe the laws of gas exchange
1) Boyle’s law: effect of volume and pressure at a constant temperature
2) Dalton’s law: partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases
3) Fick’s law: rate of gas transfer through a tissue
b) Explain the role of erythrocytes in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
c) Explain hemoglobin saturation
Digestive System
1) Nutrition
a) Describe the major building blocks obtained from food including carbohydrates, lipids,
and proteins
b) Describe other materials required in the diet
1) Vitamins: water soluble and lipid soluble
2) Minerals: calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, iodine, and iron
2) Digestive organs
a) Describe the organs of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
b) Explain the movement of food through the digestive tract
c) Explain the role of enzymes in the digestive process
d) Describe the digestion of food
1) Mechanical digestion
2) Enzymatic digestion: amylase, pepsin, lipase, protease, peptidase, disaccharidase
3) Emulsification: bile salts
e) Explain the controls of food digestion
1) Hormonal: gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide
2) Nervous
f) Discuss the importance of surface area in nutrient absorption
Urinary System
1) Transport of urine
a) List the organs of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and
urethra
b) Describe the storage of urine and the micturation reflex
c) Describe the structure of the kidney including the renal medulla, renal cortex, and renal
pelvis
d) Describe the structure of the nephron
1) Blood flow: afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular
capillaries
2) Urine flow: Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle,
distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
2) Urine formation
a) Describe renal glomerular filtration
b) Explain tubular reabsorption and secretion
c) Explain factors that alter urine composition
d) Describe the hormonal influences on kidney function
e) Describe the relation of blood pressure to kidney function
3) Maintenance of blood pH, salt, and fluid balance
a) Describe the relation of kidney function to blood chemistry
b) Describe the distribution of fluids within the body
c) Explain the effects of vomiting and diarrhea on kidney function
Immune Response
1) Defense
a) Describe the barriers to microbial invasion
b) Describe the nonspecific internal defense and the inflammatory reaction
2) Immune response
a) Explain the role of lymphocytes in the immune response
b) Distinguish antigenic from non-
c) Describe the antibody-
d) Describe the cell-
e) Distinguish between active and passive immunity
f) Distinguish between natural and induced immunity
Endocrine System
1) Hormones
a) Classify hormones based on chemical composition
b) Explain the effects of hormones on target cells
2) Endocrine tissue
a) List the 8 major endocrine glands and state the hormones they produce
b) Describe the effects of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland
c) Describe the effects of the thyroid hormones on basic body metabolism
d) Describe the effects of the thyroid and parathyroid hormones on blood calcium
e) Describe the effects of the adrenal hormones including the glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones
f) Describe the role of pancreatic hormones on sugar and fat metabolism
g) Describe the effects of the reproductive hormones
h) State which hormones raise or lower blood sugar
Nervous System
1) Nerve impulse
a) Identify the two cell types in nervous tissue
b) Describe the structure of the neuron
c) Describe the events leading to the formation of a nerve impulse
d) Explain the conduction of the nerve impulse
e) Describe the transmission of the nerve impulse in a synapse
2) Organization of the nervous system
a) Describe the reflex arc
b) Distinguish the major divisions of the nervous system
c) Describe the components of the PNS and CNS
d) Distinguish sensory and motor nerves
e) Distinguish somatic and autonomic systems
f) Describe the autonomic nervous system
Special Senses
1) Receptors
a) State the five major types of receptors
b) Describe the sense of temperature
c) Describe the sense of touch
d) Describe the sense of pain
2) Special Senses
a) Diagram the structure of the ear
b) Describe the senses of hearing and balance
c) Diagram the external and internal structures of the eye
d) Distinguish the layers of the eyeball
e) Explain the focusing of light
f) Localize the sense of taste
g) Describe the senses of taste and smell
Musculoskeletal System
1) Bones
a) Describe the general structure of bone
b) Distinguish compact and spongy bone
c) Identify the general features of a long bone
d) Explain bone growth
e) Describe the effects of nutrition, hormones, and exercise on bone development
2) Joints
a) Explain the classification of joints
b) Describe the components of synovial joints
c) Distinguish the types of body movements
3) Skeletal muscles
a) Define the parts of a muscle
b) Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fiber
c) Explain the major events in a muscle fiber contraction
d) Construct graphical representation of twitch, treppe, and tetanus
e) Distinguish isotonic and isometric contractions
f) Explain the changes seen in muscle immobilization and increased activity
Reproductive System
1) Male
a) Describe the components of the male reproductive tract
b) Describe the influence of gonadotropins on the male cycle
2) Female
a) Describe the components of the female reproductive tract
b) Describe the influence of gonadotropins on the female cycle
c) Explain the changes that occur during the menstrual cycle
Required Textbook:
Hoefnagels, M.,
Biology Concepts and Investigations,
Custom Edition For CCP
Required Lab Manual: Custom Lab Manual for Biology 107 -
Required Equipment for the laboratory:
Students must purchase Safety Goggles and Gloves for the laboratory
